Layers of Esophageal Wall: 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Adventitia 5. Striated muscle 6. Striated and smooth 7. Smooth muscle 8. Lamina muscularis mucosae 9. Esophageal glands Adventitia is the outermost connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure.[1] It is also called the tunica adventitia[1] or the tunica externa For example, the connective tissue that
surrounds an artery is called the tunica adventitia because it is considered extraneous to the artery. To some degree, its role is complementary
to that of the serosa, which also provides a
layer of tissue surrounding an organ. In the
abdomen, whether an organ is covered in
adventitia or serosa depends upon
whether it is peritoneal or retroperitoneal: peritoneal organs are covered in serosa (a layer of mesothelium, the visceral peritoneum) retroperitoneal organs are covered in adventitia (loose connective tissue) In the gastrointestinal tract, the muscularis externa is bounded in most cases by serosa. However, at the oral cavity,
thoracic esophagus, ascending colon, descending colon and the rectum, the
muscularis externa is instead bounded by
adventitia. (The muscularis externa of the duodenum is bounded by both tissue types.) Generally, if it is a part of the
digestive tract that is free to move, it is
covered by serosa, and if it is relatively
rigidly fixed, it is covered by adventitia. The connective tissue of the gallbladder is covered by adventitia where the
gallbladder bounds the liver, but by serosa for the rest of its surface.
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